关键词: low permeability reservoir, quaternary ammonium salt, betaine surfactant, interfacial tension, reducing injection pressure, enhancing oil recovery

Abstract: The basic properties of Moroccan oil shale were analyzed in this paper. Pyrolysis experiments at different heating rates were carried out by thermogravimetry. The results show that the process of Moroccan oil shale can be divided into three steps. A shrink-nuclear model that considers the internal heat transfer of particles was established. The pyrolysis kinetic parameters of Moroccan oil shale were calculated based on heat transfer data and basic physical parameters. The results show that the apparent activation energy of the reaction is about 120 kJ/mol, the apparent frequency factor is about 2×1014 mol/(s?m2). Therefore, the pyrolysis process of oil shale can be better simulated by shrink-nuclear model considering the internal heat transfer of the particles.

Key words: low permeability reservoir, quaternary ammonium salt, betaine surfactant, interfacial tension, reducing injection pressure, enhancing oil recovery